Gentiopicroside

Gentiopicroside (GE, Gentiopicrin), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 with IC50 values of 21.8μg/ml and 594μg/ml, respectively in human liver microsomes, and dose not inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activities.

Product information

CAS Number: 20831-76-9

Molecular Weight: 356.32

Formula: C16H20O9

Synonym:

Gentiopicrin

Chemical Name: 5-ethenyl-6-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1H,3H,5H,6H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one

Smiles: C=CC1C(OC=C2C(=O)OCC=C21)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O

InChiKey: DUAGQYUORDTXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C16H20O9/c1-2-7-8-3-4-22-14(21)9(8)6-23-15(7)25-16-13(20)12(19)11(18)10(5-17)24-16/h2-3,6-7,10-13,15-20H,1,4-5H2

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Solubility: Solubility (25°C). 71 mg/mL(199.25 mM).

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥12 months if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Gentiopicroside (GE) is a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP2A6 at lower concentrations and a competitive inhibitor at higher concentrations. Gentiopicroside does not produce inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activities. However, a significant increase of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity is observed at high concentrations. In cultured human hepatocytes no significant induction of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 is observed.

In Vivo:

Gentiopicroside (GE) has a low bioavailability (%F) after oral administration, which may be attributed to the first-pass metabolism in the gut wall or liver, metabolism or decomposition in the intestine by bacterial microflora, and/or poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The Phase I clinical study shows that after intravenous infusion of 80, 240, and 400 mg GE, the mean Cmax are 3.501±0.566 μg/ml, 9.865±1.237 μg/ml, and 16.95±2.571 μg/ml, respectively. GPS can act as hepatoprotective, cholagogic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents.

References:

1. Deng Y, et al. In vitro inhibition and induction of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by gentiopicroside: potent effect on CYP2A6. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2013;28(4):339-44. Epub 2013 Feb 19.
2. Yang Y, et al. Protective effect of gentiopicroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall. in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Phytother Res. 2018 Feb;32(2):259-266.
3. Chen F, et al. Gentiopicroside inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Apr;100:142-146.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.